Fluid cooled tuyere construction



R. e. SHOCK 2,090,488 FLUID COOLED TUYERE CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 4, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 F'le.t.

INVENTOR- ROLAND C.5HOCK ATTORNEY Aug. 17, 1937.

R c SHOCK FLUID COOLED TUYERE CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets- Shu t 2 Filed Aug. 4, 1954 INVENTOR ROLAND C. SHocK 2/, G M ATTORNEY F'IG.. '2.

WITNESSES:

' R.-.c. sHo cK FLUID CbOLED TUYEIRE CONSTRUCTION FiledAug. 4, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR Romwo C. Snocn m. r5.M

ATTORNEY- WITNESSES:

Aug. 17, 1937 R q SHOCK 2,090,488

FLUID COOLED TUYERE CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 4, 1934 5 Sheets-SheeiiA WITNESSES INVENTOR 5 1.6 ROLAND C. Snocg; WW BY V3.

ATTORNEY R. C. SHOCK Aug. 17, 1937.

FLUID COOLED TUYERE CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 4, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 INVENTOR ROLAND C. SHocK ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 17, 1937 UNHTED STATES PATENT OFFIQE FLUID COOLED TUYERE CONSTRUCTION Application August 4, 1934, Serial No. 738,515

12 Claims.

My invention relates to stokers and it has for an object to provide a fluid-cooled air admission or tuyere means therefor.

By providing the air admission means of a stoker, for example, the tuyeres of an underfeed stoker, with fluid-cooled means, the service periods of boilers may be increased, the maintenance cost can be lowered, the air may be preheated to a higher point, and the cooling means may be so arranged as to provide a superheater or a reheater. If operated as a reheater, obviously the fluid may transfer heat indirectly, that is, some medium such as diphenoloxide may be circulated through the tubes and cause it to transfer heat to a second medium such as water or steam.

In the burning of low grade fuels of high sulphur content, of highiron content, and having a low ash fusion temperature, there has always been the difficulty of keeping control of the fuel bed over long periods of operation because of clinker formation, this condition of clinker formation being aggravated when preheated air is used. While preheated air is highly advantageous from a thermal point of view, in that it affords a convenient method of transferring heat from the stack to the combustion chamber, nevertheless it is accompanied by the objection that, as the air is ordinarily the sole cooling means for the tuyere castings, the latter are to the extent of the temperature of the preheat, brought that much nearer to the point of fusion of the ash. These conditions encourage a slow process of small particles of ash fusing to the iron, gradually building up a rough surface which interposes more and more resistance to fuel bed movement. In other cases, even though preheated air is not used, where the fuel has a high iron and sulphur content, and high ratings and thin fuel beds are involved, hot spots may occur which bring the '40 ash temperature up to the fusion point, resulting'in burning of the grates and destroying control of the fuel bed, the latter generally being followed by burned stoker iron or castings. If the surfaces contacting with the fuel bed are 45 fluid-cooled, a much higher rate of heat transfer occurs and this will prevent burning by keeping the ash temperature below the fusion point and a smooth surface will be maintained for movement of the fuel bed. Aside from this ad- 50 vantage, cooling of the grate surface facilitates the use of preheated air and makes possible going to higher preheat temperatures. Furthermore, the fluid-cooled tuyere arrangement is advantageous when banking for the reason that the 55 coke bed tends to remain longer on the fuel supporting surface than it would on an uncooled surface. Accordingly, a further and more specific object of my invention is to provide tuyre constructions bridging the spaces between adjacent Walls of adjacent retorts of an underfed stoker and comprised by a group of tubes extending parallel to the retorts and spaced and supported by suitable structures forming tuyre passages.

These and other objects are effected by my invention as will be apparent from the following description and claims taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application, in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional View of a stoker showing my improved tuyere construction applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line IIII of Fig. 3 and showing tuyere elements;

Fig. 3 is a sectional detail view taken along the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IVIV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional detail view, similar to Fig. 2 and showing tuyeres of the second embodiment shown in Figs. '7 and 8;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line'VIVI of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view, similar to Fig. 1 and showing said second embodiment;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line VIIIVIII of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic illustration of a chain grade stoker having my improvement applied thereto;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view, drawn to slightly enlarged scale and taken on the line XI-XI of Fig. 10; and,

Fig. 12 is a detail sectional view taken along the line XIIX1I of Fig. 11.

Referring .now to the drawings more in detail, I show an underfeed stoker of conventional type, at H], including alternate retorts H and improved tuyre rows or constructions l2, it being understood that air for supporting combustion is admitted through the tuyere constructions from the space below the stoker to the fuel bed. Each tuyere row may consist entirely or partly of the improved tuyere construction 12. As shown, each construction [2 comprises part of a row, preferably the forward part, the row being completed by tuyere plates l3 of the conventional type.

Instead of having the tuyere rows constituted in the ordinary way entirely by stepped arrangements of cast iron plates bridging the spaces between adjacent side walls of adjacent retorts, I provide a novel type of tuyere construction for a part at least of the tuyere row length and comprised by arcuate groups of tubes l4 extending lengthwise of the stoker, there being an arcuate group extending over each space between adjacent sides of adjacent retorts. -Accordingly, in the drawings, I show the adjacent side walls [5 of adjacent retorts bridged by arcuate groups or tubes I4. The tuyere construction is completed by means of tuyere plates arranged between adjacent tubes and connected thereto, the tuyre plates spacing the tubes; and, as they are connected to the tubes, the tubes and the plates constitute a rigid unitary tuyere construction.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that the marginal or bottom tubes M of the group do not rest directly on the retort side walls I5 but are preferably carried by asbestos cushions or packing l6 which is supported by the top edges of the retort side walls. Tuyre elements 11 are arranged in rows between adjacent tubes M, such plates having unitary portions I8 which overlap the tubes to a suitable extent and the inner portions [9 of the plates are preferably tapped as shown at 20 for the reception of screws 2| which bear against the backing pieces or cast arches 22 having portions 23 fitting against the tubes. The backing pieces or arches are arranged at spaced intervals so that each tuyere element l1 may be firmly held in place. It will be apparent that, with tightening of the screws or bolts 21, the backing pieces or arches and the tuyre plates will be drawn together, thereby firmly gripping each tube l4 between the overlapping portions I8 of the tuyere plates and the curved seats 23 of the backing pieces or arches. Thus, it will be seen that the tubes I4 serve as structural members sustaining at least a portion of the fuel bed load or at least giving a selfsupporting character to the tuyre construction and preferably directly contacting with the fuel bed.

As will be seen from Fig. 2, each tuyere element l1 includes plate portions 25 and 26 ar ranged in stepped, overlapped relation and spaced apart to provide air passages 21 and 28. Each passage 21 is enclosed in part by an extension 29 at the forward side of the adjacent arch 22, and each of the passages 28 is enclosed by aplate 26 and a forward extension 30 on the adjacent plate 25. As shown, each tuyere element I! includes three plate portions, two portions 26 and a portion 25 arranged therebetween; however, it is to be understood that the tuyere elements may have any desired design or arrangement of parts so long as the relationythereof to the tubes and the capacity to furnish air and contribute to the self-supporting character of the tuyere construction are preserved.

As the tuyere elements I! include relatively thin walls having substantial and intimate contact with the tubes !4, it will be apparent that good heat conductive paths are afforded to the medium passing through the tubes l4. Not only does flow of heat from the thin plates to medium passing through the tubes lower the temperature of ash adjacent to the tuyere plates, but the latter result is even better performed by having substantial portions of the tubes in direct contact with the fuel bed.

In Figs. 5 and 6, I show a further embodiment of my invention having unitary tuyere constructions each made up of arcuate groups of tubes with tuyere plates arranged between adjacent tubes in stepped and spaced relation and welded to the latter, spacing of the plates affording tuyere air passages. To this end, the groups of tubes Ma have steel plates 32 shaped'so as to extend obliquely with respect to the tubes, fit the latter, and be welded thereto, welds being shown at 33. Here again, the space between adjacent tubes is not only used to provide structure which connects the tubes of a group together to form a unitary tuyere construction but also one which provides air passages between adjacent tubes for the passage of air from below the structure to the fuel bed to support combustion.

Each tuyere construction bridges the space between adjacent Walls of adjacent retorts, and the tuyere constructions are preferably anchored to the retort side walls in such a way as to accommodate relative expansion and contraction. For example, in the first embodiment, shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, the bottom tubes of the tuyere construction have outer side plates 35 welded thereto and which extend downwardly and overlap the upper edges of the retort sides.

of the retort side walls l5, the plates serving to confine and retain suitable packing material, for example, asbestos packing |6,-the packing serving as cushioning spacing means between the retort side walls and the bottom or supporting tubes of the tuyere constructions.

The cast arches 22 have their extremities arranged between and overlapping flanges 36 at the tops of the retort side walls I5. Anchor bars 31 are engaged beneath the flanges 36 and are connected to the cast arches 22 by means of screws 38. Preferably, the arches 22 are formed so that "clearance exists with respect to the retort side wall flanges 36 and with respect to the anchor bars, whereby the tuyere construction may be fastened to secure the requisite tightness and so that the anchorage so afforded may permit of relative expansion and contraction of the retort side walls and of the tuyre construction.

Either the tuyre elements of Figs. 3 and 4 or those of Figs. 5 and 6 may be associated with the cooling tubes of the stoker organizations shown in Figs. 1, 7, 8, and 9.

In Fig. 1, the forward endsof the tubes of the tuyre constructions are connected to a header shown, for example, at 40; and the rearward ends of the tubes extend downwardly, as indicated at 4|, andare connected to a header 42. The headers may be connected in the boiler circuit or in any suitable circuit which will supply fluid medium of satisfactory temperature to the tubes.

In Figs. '7 and 8, the form of construction illustrated is modified both with respect to the tuyere construction and with respect to connection of the tubes Ma to the headers. The tubes Ma, as in Fig. 1, extend downwardly at the rear, as shown at 4 la, and are connected to a header 42a, but, at the forward ends, the tubes are bent upwardly, at 43, and such upwardly bent-portions are splayed or spread outwardly to provide a front water Wall, at M. The tube portions 43 preferably extend through the furnace front wall 45 and are joined to a header 46 arranged externally of the latter.

The form of tuyere construction of Figs. '7 and 8 is shown as being provided with a larger number of tubes Ma, than the form shown in Figs. 1, .3, and 4, and archconstructions. are employed, as shown at 2211 in Fig. 8, divided into side pieces 48 and a top piece 49. As before, the tuyre elements 4 l of Fig. 8 are'connected to. the arch portions 48 and 39 by means of bolts 2! a. It will be obvious that the welded type of tuyre plate construction, shown in Figs. 5 and 6, may be used with the tuyere construction containing a'relatively larger number of tubes, in which case, of course, there would be no necessity for arches, since the latter are not employed with the welded type of tuyere construction.

In Fig. 9, I show a form of tuyere construction which is connected to front and rear arrangements in such a manner that the tuyere constructions may be readily assembled and removed. To this end, the front ends of the tubes of each tuyre construction are connected to a header section 59 and the rear ends of the tubes are connected to a header section 5|, the header sections 5E and 5f constituting end elements of the tuyere construction and being, respectively, joined to the headers 52 and 53. It will therefore, be apparent that, with separation of the header sections 50 and 5! fromthe adjacent headers 52 and 53, the tuyere constructions may be readily assembled or replaced. This form is advantageous in that each tuyere construction is provided with its header sections so that it may be more readily connected in and disconnected from a suitable cooling circuit.

While any suitable means may be employed to provide for the circulation of cooling medium in the tubes of the tuyere constructions and while any suitable cooling medium may be employed, I

prefer to have the tubes of the tuyere construc-.

tions so related to the boiler that boiler water may be circulated therethrough. Although the tubes of the tuyre construction may, if desired, be arranged in series with the main boiler circuit, I prefer, in order to keep the tube sizes, particularly the inlet and outlet tubing for the tuyere constructions as well as the tubing of the latter,

' of a minimum size, to recirculate water through the tubes of the tuyre constructions, only such Water being added to the recirculating circuit as to make up for steam generated in the tuyre construction tubes and separated and discharged from a high point in the recirculation circuit. To this end, in Fig. 9, I show the header 52, arranged above the front end of the tuyere construction, connected by a return tube 54 to the lower header 53, the latter having a make-up connection 55,

it being understood that this means for securing recirculation is shown merely by way of example, it being obvious that the tubes of the tuyere constructions may be related to the boiler in any suitable manner toafford recirculation.

In Figs. 10, 11, and 12, I show my invention applied to a chain grate type "of stoker preferably having a fuel-supporting surface inclined in the direction of fuel feed, the grate including a multiplicityof spacedchain grate elements 56, for moving the fuel bed progressively, with tuyre constructions 51 disposed between adjacent grate elements. Each tuyere construction embodies a group of tubes 58 with tuyere plates 59 disposed laterally of the tubes and in good heat-conductive relation with respect thereto, the tuyre plates as, not only providing tuyere passages 60, but, as heretofore described, such plates, as well as the tubes 58, have upper portions in direct contact with the fuel bed to provide the fuel-supporting surface of the tuyere construction. The tuyre plates 59 may beconnected or joined to the tubes 58 in any suitable manner, so long as good heatconductive connections are provided.

In Figs. 11 and 12, I show spaced backing pieces 6| connected to the tuyere plates by screws 62, the spacing being such as to allow access of air from below to the tuyere passages and the ends of the backing pieces cooperating with side elements 63 which serve as guides for the chain grates 56 and minimize leakage space with respect to the latter. The front or upper ends of the tubes 58 are preferably connected to an upper header 65 and the lower ends of the tubes are connected to a lower header 66. A tube 67 provides for return of liquid from the upper header 5 to the lower header 6%, the upper header being provided with a steam outlet connection 68 and the lower header having a make-up connection 69, whereby a recirculation circuit is provided for the tubes of the tuyere constructions.

From the structure described, it will be apparent that I have devised a tuyere construction made up of tubes and tuyere plates of unitary character and adapted to replace rows of stacked tuyere plates of ordinary construction. With the ordinary cast iron type of tuyere, there is a gradual retardation of the fuel bed movement caused by ash fusing to the roughened, burned cast iron. This causes more ash to be retained on the grate and the consequent building up of more clinker, the tendency toward clinker formation being increased as the ash fusion temperature is lowered. Fuel retardation does not occur at the same rate over the entire grate surface in consequence of which the fuel bed is disturbed or rendered irregular, resulting in excess air being admitted at certain points and too little air and consequent retardation of the combustion at others. effect results, causing fine fuel material to be carried through the first row of boiler tubes While still ignited, inducing slagging of the boiler tubes or the material may be carried through the stack. Building up of fused ash on the grate causes clinkers and may retard movement of the fuel on the grate surface to such an extent as to expose metal, whereupon burning of the latter takes place. On the other hand with my improved fluid-cooled tuyere construction, the metal is maintained below the fusing temperature, thus preventing irregularities in fuel bed movement and building up of clinker formations .as just pointed out. Furthermore, my improved tuyere construction is advantageous when banking a boiler for the reason that the coke bed will remain intact for long periods over the watercooled surface, thereby giving a full fuel bed for starting. On the other hand, with the standard cast iron tuyre construction, when banking,

the fuel is burned away in an irregular way, thereby leaving a bad condition thereof for starting, and this irregular fuel bed formation necessitates longer starting time in order to pick up load because the fuel bed must first be properly built up. The improved tuyere construction permits of operation of the stoker with preheated air heated to a higher temperature for the reason that the cooling medium passing through the tubes conducts heat away from the metallic parts preventing the latter from attaining such a high temperature as to result in' the undesired conditions pointed out. The type of tuyere construction having plates welded between the tubes of each group is advantageous from the Where excess air enters, a blow torch points of view of fabrication, design, and operation. The tubes and plates constitute a single autogenously connected structure providing good conductive paths from all metallic parts to the cooling medium passing through the tubes. Furthermore, the plates may be disposed and spaced so as to get tuyere passages of desired flow areas, such passages being made uniform from end to end or they may be differently dimensioned as desireddepending upon the operating conditions.

While I have shown my improved tuyere construction as applied to an underfeed stoker, it will be apparent that the improvement may be applied to advantage wherever a tuyere construction is used to supply combustion air to a fuel bed, since the general objective is to cool the metallic parts providing the tuyre passages, this result being secured by tubes intimately associated with the metallic parts and forming the tuyre passages, the tubes also preferably con tacting with the fuel bed or at least serving as structural members to give to the tuyere construction a self-supporting character, it being obvious that the latter characteristic follows from the mutual cooperation of the tubes and the tuyere plates, for, not only are the tubes spaced and supported by the tuyere plates, but the tubes carry the plates and serve as structural members in giving form and unity to the tuyre construction.

While I have shown my invention in several forms, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various other changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is: I

1. In a stoker, a plurality of devices for progressively moving a fuel bed, a tuyre construction arranged between adjacent devices, each tuyere construction including a group of laterally spaced metallic tubes extending lengthwise of the stoker, separate rows of metallic overlapping tuyere plates arranged in the spaces between tubes and engaging the latter laterally so as to expose upper portions of the tubes and the plates in order that such portions may jointly constitute the fuel-contacting surface of theconstruction, means for maintaining the tuyere' plates in lateral engagement with the tubes so that the tubes and the tuyre plates mutually and dependently cooperate to provide a unitary and selfsupporting tuyere construction, said overlapping tuyere plates being constructed and arranged to provide tuyereair passages between adjacent tubes, and means providing for circulation of cooling fluid through the tubes.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tuyere passages are provided by passages formed in the plates and by passages each partly formed in adjacent plates,

3. In a stoker having a furnace chamber provided with a front wall, a plurality of devices for imparting movement to the fuel bed, said devices contributing to the support of the fuel bed and being arranged in spaced parallel relation in the direction of fuel bed movement, a tuyere construction between adjacent devices and comprised by a plurality of tubes with metallic elements connected thereto and carried thereby and arranged to provide tuyere passages, the forward ends of said tubes being bent upwardly and spread to provide a front water wall construcsupporting surface, and means providing for the' circulation of cooling medium through the tuyre construction portions; of said tubes and then through the front wall portions thereof, said metallic elements having intimate heat conductive relation with respect to the tubes, whereby the attainment of excessive temperatures by thev metallic elements is minimized.

4. In an underfeed stoker of the multiple retort type, tuyere constructions bridgingthe spaces between adjacent retorts, each tuyre construction. including a group of metallic tubes extending lengthwise of the stoker and metallic means for holding the tubes of a group together as a unit and in spaced relation, saidmetallic means being constructed and arranged to expose upper portions of the tubes so that the, latter constitute parts of the fuel-supporting surface and said metallic means including portions extending betogether as a unit and in spaced relation so as to expose upper portions of the tubes in order that the latter may constitute parts of the fuelsupporting surface, said metallic means including portions extending between and in intimate heat conductive relation with respect to adjacent tubes and defining tuyere passages for the admission of combustion air to the fuel bed, and means providing for passage of cooling medium through the tubes.

6. In an underfeed stoker of the multiple retort type, tuyere constructions bridging the spaces between adjacent retorts, each tuyere construction including a group of metallic tubes extending lengthwise of the stoker and metallic means for holding the tubes of a group together as a unit air to the fuel bed and said portions being constructed and arranged to expose upper portions of the tubes so that the latter constitute parts of the fuel supporting surface, means for connecting each tuyre construction to adjacent side walls of adjacent retorts, and means providing for passage of cooling medium through the tubes.

'7. In an underfeed stoker, a plurality of longitudinally-extending retorts, said retorts being spaced apartto provide for the passage of air therebetween and each retort having a pair of parallel side walls, tuyere constructions bridging the spaces between adjacent retorts and carried by the adjacent side walls of adjacent retorts, each tuyere construction including a group of longitudinally-extending metallic tubes arranged in arcuate formation, metallic means for holding the tubes of each group together as a unit and including portions extending between adjacent.

arranged in good heat conductive relation with respect to the tubes and exposing upper portions of the tubes so that such upper portions constitute parts of the fuel supporting surface, means 5 for positioning the tuyre constructions on the retort side walls, and means providing for passage of cooling medium through the tubes.

8. The combination with means providing a furnace chamber having a front wall, of an un- 10 derfeed stoker of the inclined multiple retort type arranged in said chamber, inclined tuyere con i structions bridging the spaces between adjacent retorts, each tuyre construction embodying a group of metallic tubes extending longitudinally 15 of the stoker and forming a part of the fuel supporting surface and metallic tuyere plates in intimate contact with the tubes and providing tuyere air passages, the groups of tubes at the front end being bent upwardly and spread to define a front tubular wall, and means providing for circulation of cooling medium upwardly through the tuyre construction portions of the tubes and then through the front tubular wall portions thereof.

9. In an underfeed stoker of the multiple retort 25 type, tuyre constructions bridging the spaces between adjacent retorts, each tuyere construction including a plurality of spaced metallic tubes arranged parallel to the retorts, structurally separate metallic means arranged in the spaces between adjacent tubes, means for maintaining the metallic means in lateral engagement with the tubes so that the tubes and. the metallic means mutually and dependently cooperate to provide a unitary and self-supporting tuyere construc- 35 tion with the tubes and the metallic means in good heat-conductive relation and with the upper I portions of the tubes exposed so that the tubes and the metallic means jointly constitute the fuel contacting surface of the construction, said metallic means providing tuyre passages for the admission of combustion air to the fuel bed, and means providing for circulation of cooling fluid through the tubes.

45 10. In an underfeed stoker of the multiple retort type, tuyere constructions bridging the spaces between adjacent retorts, each tuyere construction including a group of spaced metallic tubes extending longitudinally of the stoker, metallic 50 plates extending obliquely in the spaces between the tubes and arranged to expose the upper portions of the latter in order that such portions and the plates may constitute the fuel-contacting surface of the construction, the plates in the respective spaces being structurally separate, means for maintaining the plates in lateral and good heat-conductive engagement with the tubes so that the latter cooperate mutually and independently with the plates to provide a unitary and self-supporting tuyere construction, said plates being constructed and arranged to provide tuyere air passages, and means providing for circulation of cooling medium through the tubes.

11. In an underfeed stoker of the multiple retort type, tuyere constructions bridging the spaces between adjacent retorts, each tuyere construction including a group of spaced metallic tubes disposed transversely in arcuate formation and extending longitudinally of the stoker, metallic plates arranged in overlapping relation in the spaces between the tubes so as to expose the upper portions of the latter in order that such upper portions and the tubes may constitute the fuel-contacting surface of the construction, the plates in the respective spaces being structurally separate, means for maintaining the plates in lateral and good heat-conductive engagement with the tubes so that the latter and the plates mutually and dependently cooperate to provide a unitary and self-supporting tuyere construction, and means providing for the circulation of cooling medium through the tubes.

12. In a stoker, a plurality of spaced devices for progressively moving a fuel bed; a tuyre construction arranged between adjacent devices and including a group of laterally spaced metallic tubes extending lengthwise of the stoker,

separate rows of overlapping metallic plates arranged in the spaces between tubes and providing air passages, said plates being welded to tubes laterally of the latter to expose upper portions thereof in order that the fuel-supporting surface of the tuyre construction may be provided jointly by the tubes and by the plates, the tubes and the plates mutually and dependently cooperating to provide a unitary and selfsupporting tuyere construction; and means providing for circulation of cooling fluid through the tubes.

ROLAND C. SHOCK.

CERTIFICATE, OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,09O,L;88. August 17, 1957.

ROLAND c. SHOCK.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page i first column, line J 8, claim 1, after "tubes" strike out the words "and the plates" and insert the same after "portions",line A9, same claim; page 5, second column, line 8-9, claim for "independently" read dependentlyj and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 19th day of October, A. D. 1957.

Henry Van Arsdale'. (Seal) I Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

